Support / F.A.Q. Questions and Answers

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers Rulmeca components for roller conveyors: Idler Rollers, motorized rollers, drive rollers, curve rollers, wheels, self-supporting spheres, sliding guides, profiles, and supports. Industrial wheels from Tellure Rôta are also available. Many items can be purchased online, while others can be requested for a quote.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers Eltra incremental encoders with various resolutions and output types, available for purchase online, as well as Eltra absolute encoders upon request for a quote, along with precision couplings for mounting them. Encoders convert rotary motion into an electric signal used by PLCs, counters, or drives to determine position and speed.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI, THK distributor, offers THK and AirTac ball recirculating linear guides, along with their respective carriages and accessories, in various sizes; AirTac guides are also available in a miniaturized version in stainless steel. ATTI also has an internal cutting center to provide guides at the requested length.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) from INVT and Toshiba for controlling the speed of asynchronous motors, brushless servo drives, direct current motor drives, braking resistors, and accessories for VFDs such as keypads, remote panel cables, communication boards (for example PROFINET), and encoder boards. The VFDs are available in single-phase and three-phase power supplies, in various power ratings.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 5,000 gears for power transmission: chain wheels, module gears, rack gears, bevel gears and bevel gear sets, conveyor wheels, chain tensioning sprockets, and worm gear and wheel sets from Framo Morat. Most items are branded ATTI and are available in various configurations (with hub, disc, with raw or finished hole). For sizes not listed in the catalog, you can request a quote.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers Fatek PLCs, Weintek touch screen operator panels, remote I/O, and industrial PCs and monitors. Weintek panels support the most common protocols (Modbus, EtherNet/IP, and others), allowing them to connect to both Fatek PLCs and PLCs from other brands. The programming software for Weintek panels, EasyBuilder Pro, is free of charge.

THK motorized linear guides are actuators that integrate in a single compact unit the ball recirculation guide and the drive system, either with ball screw (VLA, KR, and SKR series) or with linear motor (GLM series). Compared to an axis constructed with separate components, they reduce the number of parts and assembly times while ensuring rigidity and precision. ATTI supplies them upon request for a quote.

The torque limiter is a mechanical safety device that protects the transmission from overloads. When the torque exceeds the set value, the limiter slips or disengages and interrupts the transmission of motion, preventing the breakage of gears, chains, shafts, or the motor. With a proximity sensor, it is also possible to detect the intervention and stop the machine. ATTI offers CoMinTec torque limiters, available upon request for a quote.

The cable carrier guides and protects electrical cables and tubes that follow a moving part of the machine, such as a linear shaft or a robot. It maintains a controlled bend radius, prevents the cables from twisting or wearing due to friction, and reduces machine downtime. ATTI offers the cable carriers Brevetti Stendalto and Imytech, in nylon and steel, upon request for a quote.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 800 gear motors: NORD Drivesystems gear motors of various types and powers, along with related accessories and spare parts, and Minimotor gear motors for low power applications. Each gear motor is already complete with an electric motor, so it should be chosen directly based on the required output speed and torque.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers accessories for gearboxes Varvel, Chiaravalli, and SITI: slow shafts (output shafts) simple and double, input and output flanges, reaction arms, couplings for gearboxes, and bolt-on feet. The accessories allow the same gearbox to be adapted to different installations, for example, switching from a hollow shaft to a male shaft or from foot mounting to flanged mounting. For each accessory, the series and size of the compatible gearbox are indicated.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers flexible and elastic joints from CoMinTec and Chiaravalli (star, lamella, bellows, chain), rigid joints, precision joints for Eltra encoders, and universal joints and cardan drives from Mario Ferri. The joints are available in various sizes and with either raw or finished bore hubs, to connect shafts of the same or different diameters.

The taper lock and conical bushing both serve to secure a transmission element (pulley, pinion, coupling) onto a shaft, but they operate on different principles. The conical bushing fits into a hub that is already designed with a conical seat, is economical, and is very common on pulleys; it typically operates with a key. The taper lock secures by friction, without a key and without play, transmits high torques, and allows for angular positioning adjustment of the hub: it is preferable for reversing motion, shock loads, or when precision is required. You can find both families on shop.atti.it.

Polizene® is a high-flow technical thermoplastic material with a low coefficient of friction, resistant to abrasion, impacts, and many chemical agents. Polizene is used to create sliding guides for chains, plate chains, and modular belts, bends for conveyors, side rails, and containment profiles. The guides ensure smooth and silent sliding and reduce chain wear.

THK cross roller bearings feature cylindrical rollers arranged alternately at 90° to each other between the inner and outer rings. This allows a single bearing to simultaneously support radial loads, axial loads, and tilting moments, with high stiffness and rotational accuracy in a compact space. They are used in rotating tables, robot joints, machine tools, and measurement equipment. ATTI provides them upon request for quotes.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers V-Belt Pulleys for classic and narrow belts, metric toothed pulleys (T, AT, and HTD profiles) and inch sizes, toothed bars for machining, and Berges variable pulleys. The V-Belt Pulleys are available for narrow sections SPZ, SPA, SPB, and SPC and the corresponding classic versions, with one or more grooves, mostly designed for tapered bushings. Each pulley must be chosen based on the belt it works with: section for the V-Belt Pulleys, profile and pitch for the toothed ones.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers electric linear actuators from TiMOTION, along with related accessories: control units, power supplies, push-button panels, and cables. The actuators are available with various strokes, forces, and speeds and are used in industrial, medical, ergonomic, and residential applications, such as adjustable tables, beds, and lifting systems.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 500 three-phase and single-phase asynchronous electric motors, in the most common IEC sizes, with construction forms B3 (foot-mounted), B5 (flange-mounted), and B14 (small flange) and in various pole configurations, as well as in efficiency classes IE2 and IE3. Self-braking versions and stepper motors are also available. The motors can be matched with the gearboxes in the catalog via the IEC motor connection (PAM).

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers industrial chains with simple, double, and triple rollers, along with accessories for assembling and repairing them: connecting links and half links. The chains are available in the most common pitches of the European ISO series (for example 20B) and the American ASA series. To choose the matched sprockets and Chain Wheels, in the Gears category you will find the sprockets and Chain Wheels of the same pitch.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers trapezoidal screws, ball screw systems, keyed shafts and ball screw lobed shafts, bushings, and ball screw sleeves, from the brands ATTI, THK, and Mario Ferri.

These components enable the conversion of rotary motion into linear motion or the transmission of torque while maintaining the possibility of axial sliding. They are used in various industrial automation and mechanical handling applications.

The designation of a roller chain identifies its main dimensions.

In the measurement 1/2" × 5/16":

• 1/2" indicates the pitch of the chain, which is the distance between the centers of two consecutive pins, equal to 12.7 mm.
• 5/16" indicates the internal width between the chain plates.

This measurement corresponds to the ISO 08B chain.

The most common European pitches are:

• 06B: 3/8" × 7/32"
• 08B: 1/2" × 5/16"
• 10B: 5/8" × 3/8"
• 12B: 3/4" × 7/16"
• 16B: 1" × 17.02 mm
• 20B: 1"1/4 × 3/4"
• 24B: 1"1/2 × 1"

Important: the chain, sprockets, and sprocket wheels must have the same pitch to ensure proper coupling.

The Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device that allows for the adjustment of an electric motor's speed by varying the frequency and voltage of the power supply.

Its use enables more gradual starts and stops, controls the motor speed, and, in certain applications, reduces energy consumption.

To choose the correct Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), one must consider:

• Power and rated current of the motor, verifying compatibility with the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD).
• Power supply voltage, for example, single-phase 230 V or three-phase 400 V.
• Type of application, distinguishing between normal and heavy-duty uses based on the load and torque required.

A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) with single-phase 230 V input and three-phase 230 V output can power a compatible three-phase motor even where only a single-phase network is available.

ATTI offers Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) from INVT and Toshiba, along with the related accessories.

Check the Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) category to find the solution best suited for your application.

The EU Regulation 2019/1781 establishes the minimum energy efficiency requirements for various types of electric motors placed on the European market.

From July 1, 2023, the following requirements are expected for three-phase motors that fall within the scope of the regulation:

• IE2 for powers from 0.12 kW to less than 0.75 kW.
• IE3 for powers from 0.75 kW to 1,000 kW.
• IE4 for certain types of three-phase motors from 75 to 200 kW, with 2, 4, or 6 poles.

The regulation provides for conditions of applicability and exclusions for specific types of motors. For this reason, the required efficiency class must be assessed based on the characteristics of the individual product and its intended use.

To choose the most suitable motor, it is important to verify the technical data listed in the product sheet.

Check the Asynchronous Motors category in the ATTI catalog.

The gearbox is a mechanical device that reduces rotation speed and increases the available output torque. To operate, it must be connected to a motor.

The gearmotor is instead a unit consisting of a motor and gearbox already coupled, which simplifies the selection and installation.

A gearbox with PAM configuration allows for the separate selection of the electric motor or, when compatible, the use of an already available motor.

ATTI offers various solutions for motion transmission:

• Gearboxes, to be paired with a motor based on the application's characteristics.
• Gearmotors, with integrated motor and gearbox, including NORD Drivesystems solutions.
• Minigearmotors, compact solutions for applications requiring small dimensions, including Minimotor products.

Consult the ATTI catalog categories:

• Gearboxes
• Gearmotors
• Minigearmotors

The choice depends on the required power, output speed, necessary torque, and installation requirements.

On shop.atti.it you can purchase VARVEL gearboxes for various industrial applications.

ATTI offers over 6,000 configurations in the catalog, including:

• Worm gearboxes from the FRS, FRT, and FRA series.
• Gear gearboxes.
• Coaxial and parallel gearboxes.

Accessories such as output flanges, slow shafts, reaction arms, and couplings are also available.

Product sheets list key technical features, including size, reduction ratio, motor compatibility, and shaft dimensions.

Consult the Gearboxes category to find the solution best suited for your application.

The reaction arm is a support used to prevent a gearbox mounted directly on the machine shaft from rotating on itself during operation.

It is particularly used in gearboxes with hollow shafts and allows for the absorption of the reaction torque, compensating for small misalignments and movements during operation.

ATTI offers reaction arms for various series of gearboxes, including VARVEL, Chiaravalli and SITI.

To choose the correct component, it is important to check compatibility with the model and size of the gearbox.

Consult the available products in the category Reaction Arms.

In pneumatic valves, the first number indicates the number of ports (inlets) of the valve, while the second indicates the number of positions.

• 5/2 Valve: has 5 ports and 2 positions. It is commonly used to control a double-acting pneumatic cylinder, alternating the supply to the two chambers.
• 5/3 Valve: has 5 ports and 3 positions. In addition to the two control positions, it has a central position that can have different configurations.

The main configurations of the central position are:

• Closed centers: the ports are blocked. The cylinder tends to maintain its position, although any air leaks or external loads may cause it to shift.
• Exhaust centers: the cylinder chambers are connected to exhaust, allowing the piston to move more freely.
• Pressure centers: both chambers are supplied; the behavior of the cylinder depends on the piston surfaces and the applied forces.

ATTI offers various configurations of AirTac pneumatic valves.

Check the Valves category to compare the available models.

The acronyms PAM, B5, and B14 indicate the connection characteristics between a gearbox and an electric motor.

• PAM: indicates the gearbox's suitability for mounting a standardized electric motor according to IEC standards.
• B5: identifies a larger mounting flange with through holes.
• B14: identifies a more compact flange with threaded holes.

To properly couple an electric motor to a gearbox, it is essential to check the motor size (for example, 71, 80, or 90) and the flange type provided.

Before purchasing, be sure to verify that the gearbox's suitability is compatible with the motor to be installed.

You can consult the available products in the Flange Entry category.

Gearboxes are distinguished by the arrangement of shafts, the transmission system, and efficiency.

• Worm gearbox: has shafts arranged at 90°, is compact, and generally economical, but has lower efficiency compared to gearboxes, especially with high reduction ratios.
• Coaxial gearbox: has aligned input and output shafts and generally offers high efficiency.
• Orthogonal gearbox with gears (conical-helical): has shafts arranged at 90° and generally offers higher efficiency compared to worm gearboxes.

ATTI offers a variety of gearboxes, including products from VARVEL and Chiaravalli.

The choice depends on the reduction ratio, required torque, available space, and operating conditions.

Check the categories in the ATTI catalog:

• Gearboxes
• Gearboxes and accessories

The locking assembly is a friction locking element that allows a hub to be connected to a shaft without using a key, creating a detachable and play-free coupling.

To choose the correct locking assembly, it is necessary to verify:

• Shaft diameter on which it is to be mounted.
• Hub hole diameter in which it is inserted.
• Torque to be transmitted, based on the application characteristics.

For example, in the code RCK 40 20×47, the value 20 indicates the shaft diameter in millimeters, while 47 indicates the outer diameter of the locking assembly.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 400 locking assemblies in the catalog.

Check the available products in the Locking Assemblies category.

The taper bush, also known as taper bush, is a fastening element that allows for the mounting of pulleys, sprockets, and other transmission components onto a shaft through a tapered fitting.

The code identifies the dimensional series of the bush. For example, in the code 1610:

• 16 identifies the dimensional series of the bush.
• 10 indicates a nominal length of approximately 25.4 mm (1 inch).

A bush from the 1610 series is available with different hole diameters. To choose the correct one, it is necessary to check both the series required by the component and the shaft diameter.

On shop.atti.it, you can consult the available bushes, from the 1008 series to the 5050, in the category Taper Bushes.

Pneumatic cylinders that comply with ISO 15552 standards are generally interchangeable in terms of key mounting dimensions, even when produced by different brands.

The standard defines standardized dimensions and interfaces, facilitating the replacement of cylinders with equivalent characteristics.

However, before replacing a cylinder, it is important to verify:

• Bore and stroke of the cylinder.
• Mounting dimensions, fastenings, and rod thread.
• Operating characteristics, such as working pressure and cushioning.
• Compatibility of magnetic sensors and any accessories.

Compliance with the standard does not automatically guarantee that every component or accessory is interchangeable: it is always advisable to compare the technical data sheets of the two models.

ATTI offers various types of pneumatic cylinders AirTac, including standard ISO, compact, and application-specific solutions.

Check the Cylinders and Actuators category to view the available products.

The joint and the false link are two accessories used in roller chains, but they have different functions.

• Joint (joint link): is used to connect the two ends of a chain to close it.
• False link (elbow link): allows for a chain with an odd number of pitches.

False links can reduce the strength of the chain and require special attention in transmissions subject to high stresses.

Both accessories must be chosen based on the pitch and type of chain.

You can consult the available products in the Joints and false links category.

The FRL group is a unit for compressed air treatment composed of three elements:

• Filter (F): retains impurities and condensate present in the compressed air.
• Regulator (R): maintains the air pressure at the set value.
• Lubricator (L): when necessary, introduces a controlled amount of lubricant into the air to supply the pneumatic components that require it.

The coalescing filter is a finer filtration device, generally a coalescing type, that allows for the separation of particles and oil aerosols present in the compressed air. It is particularly useful in applications that require cleaner air.

ATTI offers modular FRL groups AirTac, coalescing filters, and accessories for air treatment, including soft start valves (soft-start).

Check out the Air Preparation category to view the available products.

In the ATTI catalog, the main difference between sprocket and Chain Wheel pertains to their construction.

• Sprocket: is a toothed wheel equipped with a hub, designed for mounting on a shaft.
• Chain Wheel: is a toothed disc without a hub, to be attached to a hub or a flange.

Both are available in different configurations, including versions for single, double, and triple chains.

On shop.atti.it you can consult the categories:

• Sprockets
• Chain Wheels

ATTI also offers a specific category of Tensioning Sprockets, used in chain tensioning systems.

Metric timing pulleys and inch timing pulleys are primarily distinguished by the pitch and profile of the teeth.

• Metric timing pulleys: use pitches expressed in millimeters and include the T, AT, and HTD profiles.
• Inch timing pulleys: use pitches expressed in fractions of an inch and include the XL, L, H, and XH profiles.

Belt and pulley must have the same profile and pitch. Different types are not directly interchangeable, even when sizes appear similar.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 1,200 timing pulleys in both metric and inch versions.

Check the categories:

• Metric Timing Pulleys
• Inch Timing Pulleys

A Metric Timing Pulley Bar Stock is a semi-finished product that already has the necessary teeth for making pulleys for timing belts.

ATTI offers two categories of timing pulley bar stocks:

• Metric Timing Pulley Bar Stock, for belts with metric profiles and pitches.
• Timing Pulley Bar Stock in Inches, for belts with profiles and pitches in inches.

The bars are supplied in standard lengths as shown in the catalog.

The customer can subsequently perform the necessary processing, such as cutting and drilling, to obtain the desired pulley.

Any processing is the responsibility of the customer and is not included in the ATTI supply.

The choice between a polyurethane (PU) tube and a nylon (polyamide) tube depends on the characteristics of the pneumatic system.

• Polyurethane tube: it is flexible and resistant to bending. It is particularly suitable for connections at the machine and applications with moving parts.
• Nylon tube: it is generally stiffer and, depending on the model, can withstand higher operating pressures and temperatures. It is especially suited for fixed pneumatic lines.

In both cases, it is important to check the operating pressure, temperature, minimum bend radius, and compatibility with the working environment.

For quick-connect fittings, the outside diameter of the tube must match the size specified by the fitting.

ATTI offers pneumatic tubes in polyurethane with outside diameters from 2 to 12 mm and a range of over 2,100 AirTac quick-connect fittings.

Consult the categories in the ATTI catalog:

• Tubes
• Fittings

to choose tubes and pneumatic fittings compatible with your application.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI, official distributor of AirTac in Italy, offers over 15,000 AirTac pneumatic components for industrial automation applications.

The catalog includes a wide range of products, including:

• Compact pneumatic cylinders, mini cylinders, ISO cylinders, and rodless cylinders.
• Pneumatic micro-slides for precision movements.
• Solenoid valves and valve manifolds for compressed air control.
• FRL units for air preparation.
• Fittings, tubes, and sensors to complete the pneumatic system.

The product sheets list the original AirTac code, useful for identifying the desired component or searching for a replacement.

Check the Pneumatics category to explore the available products and choose the most suitable type for your application.

The main difference between an incremental encoder and an absolute encoder lies in how the position is detected.

• Incremental encoder: generates a specific number of pulses per revolution, for example, 500, 1,000, or 2,000. The position is calculated by counting the pulses from a reference point. It is suitable for measuring speed, rotations, and relative displacements.
• Absolute encoder: provides a unique value of the position, allowing it to be recognized even after a power interruption, without having to repeat the zeroing procedure, depending on the model's characteristics.

The choice depends on the application: for speed control and relative displacements, an incremental encoder may be sufficient; when it is necessary to know the position directly, an absolute encoder may be preferable.

ATTI offers Eltra encoders for industrial automation and motion control applications.

Check the categories of the ATTI catalog:

• Incremental encoders
• Absolute encoders

to compare the features of the two types and identify the solution most suitable for your application.

The code of an HTD timing belt indicates the length, pitch of the teeth, and width of the belt.

Taking 365-5M-15 as an example:

• 365: belt length in millimeters.
• 5M: tooth pitch of 5 mm, with HTD profile.
• 15: belt width in millimeters.

To calculate the number of teeth, simply divide the length by the pitch: 365 ÷ 5 = 73 teeth.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 4,200 timing belts, in HTD pitches of 3M, 5M, 8M, and 14M and in metric profiles.

To connect an HMI operator panel to a PLC, three main elements are required:

• An HMI panel compatible with the PLC, supporting the communication protocol used, such as Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, EtherNet/IP, or PROFINET.
• The communication connection, via Ethernet or serial cable, depending on the interfaces available on the devices.
• The configuration software, necessary to create the operator interface screens and set up communication with the PLC.

Weintek panels support over 200 communication protocols and are configured using the free EasyBuilder Pro software.

ATTI offers Weintek operator panels and Fatek PLCs for industrial automation applications.

Before purchasing, it is essential to verify compatibility between specific models of HMI and PLC, the protocol used, and the corresponding communication ports.

Consult the categories in the ATTI catalog:

• Touch screens
• Fatek PLC

to find the most suitable devices for your application.

An electric linear actuator is a device that converts the rotary motion of a motor into a linear motion of push and pull, without using compressed air.

Compared to a pneumatic cylinder, it can be particularly advantageous when:

• A compressed air system is not available and an electrically powered system is desired.
• It's necessary to control the movement or stop the actuator in intermediate positions, choosing a model equipped with appropriate control functions.
• Noise reduction is desired and, in certain applications, the consumption related to compressed air production.

To choose the correct actuator, it is important to assess the push and pull force, stroke, speed, and IP protection rating, in addition to the operating conditions.

ATTI offers TiMOTION electric linear actuators, with control units, power supplies, and compatible push-button panels.

Consult the Linear Actuators category to learn about the available models.

The recirculating ball linear guides are handling systems composed of hardened steel rails on which carriages equipped with recirculating balls run. They allow for precise, smooth, and low-friction linear movements.

To choose the most suitable guide and carriage, the following factors must be considered:

• Load to be supported: standard and long carriages have different load capacities.
• Shape and mounting: flanged or square carriages are available, to be chosen based on space requirements and fastening system.
• Precision class: must meet the application requirements.
• Compatibility: the carriage must belong to the series and size specified for the guide.

ATTI offers recirculating ball linear guides and carriages and provides the service of custom cutting of hardened steel rails at its cutting center.

Check out the Recirculating Ball Guides category to view available products and find the most suitable solution for your application.

The trapezoidal screw and the ball screw are both used to convert rotary motion into linear motion, but they operate differently.

• Trapezoidal screw: has a trapezoidal thread and works with a nut, usually made of bronze or technopolymer. It is an economical, robust, and quiet solution, but it has a lower efficiency due to the friction between the screw and the nut. In certain conditions, it can be irreversible, meaning it prevents the load from spontaneously rotating the screw.
• Ball screw: uses balls that roll between the screw and the nut, significantly reducing friction. It offers high efficiency, precision, and smooth operation, but generally comes at a higher cost and is typically reversible.

The trapezoidal screw is often suited for simple movements and applications where cost is a significant factor. The ball screw is preferable when greater precision, efficiency, and speed of movement are required.

Note: the potential irreversibility of a trapezoidal screw depends on the characteristics of the system and should not automatically be considered a safety device for load retention.

ATTI offers rolled trapezoidal screws and related nuts, as well as solutions with ball screws.

Check the categories in the ATTI catalog:

• Trapezoidal screws
• Ball screws

to compare the available solutions and find the one most suitable for your application.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers V-Belts, toothed belts, and weldable belts, along with the accessories to mount them: locking plates and Motor Slide Bases. V-Belts transmit motion through friction and are used on pumps, fans, compressors, and machines in general, in classic profiles (Z, A, B, C), narrow (SPZ, SPA, SPB, SPC), and notched (AX, BX, XPZ, XPA…). Toothed belts (HTD, T, AT, GT, and other profiles) transmit motion without slipping and are used where a precise ratio is needed, such as in positioning and linear axes. Weldable polyurethane belts are cut to size and joined into a loop. On shop.atti.it, you can also find brands like Gates.

Classic V-Belts (sections Z, A, B, C, D, E) have a lower profile, while narrow V-Belts (sections SPZ, SPA, SPB, SPC) have a higher profile relative to width and allow for greater power transmission without increasing space requirements.

The indicative dimensions of the main sections are:

• Classic: Z 10 × 6 mm, A 13 × 8 mm, B 17 × 11 mm, C 22 × 14 mm.
• Narrow: SPZ 9.7 × 8 mm, SPA 12.7 × 10 mm, SPB 16.3 × 13 mm, SPC 22 × 18 mm.

On shop.atti.it, you can find over 3,300 V-Belts in various sections.

Consult the V-Belts category to identify the most suitable product for your application.

The quickest way is to read the code printed on the back of the belt and search for it on shop.atti.it, for example “SPB 1250” for a trapezoidal belt or “800-8M-30” for a HTD synchronous belt. The code indicates profile, length, and for synchronous belts, pitch and width. If the code is no longer legible, you can measure the section and length of the belt, or derive the data from the pulleys and the center distance. For synchronous belts, it is also advisable to count the number of teeth. If you cannot find the code in the online catalog, ATTI can also search for it among products not published on the site: send us the code, a photo, or the measurements and we will send you a quote.

It depends on what the transmission needs to do. The V-Belt works through friction: it allows a slight slip (usually around 1–2%), absorbs shocks and vibrations well, and is the most economical choice for transmitting power at a constant speed. The timing belt engages with the pulley like a gear: it does not slip, maintains the exact transmission ratio, requires lower mounting tension, and is suitable for synchronizing multiple shafts or precise positioning. In summary: V-Belt for transmitting power simply and robustly, timing belt when synchronization matters. If you have doubts about the choice, the ATTI technical office can advise you based on the transmission data (power, RPM, center distance, pulley diameters).

The self-braking motor is an electric motor equipped with a built-in brake that, in normally braked versions, locks the shaft when the power supply is interrupted.

It is used in applications where it is necessary to quickly stop movement or hold a load with the motor off, for example:

• Lifting systems, to help keep the load in position.
• Inclined conveyor belts, to prevent unwanted movements.
• Translational systems, when controlled stopping is required.
• Industrial machines, where it is necessary to maintain a position with the motor off.

ATTI offers self-braking three-phase asynchronous motors in various sizes and construction types.

To choose the correct model, it is important to verify the power, braking torque, power supply voltage, and application characteristics.

Consult the Asynchronous Motors category in the ATTI catalog.

Yes. On shop.atti.it, hardened sprockets for chain with finished hole in tolerance H7, keyway, and set screw have already been made, ready for installation on the shaft.

Alternatively, you can choose:

• Sprockets with pre-drilled holes, to be machined to the desired diameter.
• Sprockets for conical sleeves, designed for mounting using a specific sleeve.

You can consult the available products in the Sprockets for chain category.

The HTD, T, and AT timing belts are primarily distinguished by their tooth profile and transmission characteristics.

• HTD (3M, 5M, 8M, 14M): have rounded teeth and are particularly suitable for transmitting high torque.
• T (T2.5, T5, T10): have trapezoidal teeth and a metric pitch. They are widely used in handling and positioning applications.
• AT: have an enhanced trapezoidal profile compared to T belts and allow for greater force transmission at the same width.

Note: the belt and the pulley must have the same profile and the same pitch. Different types are therefore not directly interchangeable.

To choose the most suitable belt, it is important to verify the transmission characteristics and compatibility with the pulleys used.

The designation of a V-Belt identifies the belt's section and its length.

In classic V-Belts, the number generally indicates the internal length expressed in inches. For example, a A 46 belt has an internal length of 46 inches, equivalent to 1,168.4 mm.

In narrow V-Belts, the number indicates the primitive length expressed in millimeters. For example, a SPB 5300 belt has a primitive length of 5,300 mm.

To identify a replacement belt, it is important to check the section and the number printed on the back of the belt.

You can consult the available products in the V-Belts category.

THK crossed roller bearings of the RU, RB, and RE series mainly differ in the structure of the inner and outer rings and the mounting methods.

- Series RU: features integrated inner and outer rings with mounting holes. It does not require a housing or a locking flange and can be used for the rotation of both the inner and outer rings.
- Series RB: has an outer ring made of two separable parts and a monoblock inner ring. It is particularly suitable for applications that require high precision in the rotation of the inner ring, such as rotating tables and industrial automation systems.
- Series RE: consists of an inner ring made of two parts and a monoblock outer ring. It is suitable for applications where the outer ring is the one that rotates.

These bearings are used in precision applications, including industrial robotics, rotating tables, and automated handling systems. The choice of series depends on the mechanical configuration, the ring intended for rotation, and the application requirements.

To choose an encoder, you need: the type (incremental or absolute), the resolution, meaning the number of pulses or positions per revolution, the type of shaft (solid, to be connected with a coupling, or hollow, to fit directly onto the machine shaft), the type of electrical output (push-pull, line driver, open collector or fieldbus for the absolute types), and the power supply voltage, along with the required IP protection rating for the environment.

The preload is a slight interference between the balls and the raceways of the carriage, achieved during the production phase. It increases the rigidity of the guide and eliminates play, but it also increases the resistance to sliding. A light or no preload is suitable for smooth movements with moderate loads; a medium or high preload is used on machines that require rigidity and precision, such as machine tools or axes subjected to vibrations and cantilever loads.

The splined shaft has a series of longitudinal grooves on its surface that couple with a hub or a bushing with the corresponding profile. It allows for the transmission of torque while simultaneously enabling the hub to slide along the shaft. In the ball recirculation version, such as THK shafts, the sliding occurs on balls: it is very smooth and precise and allows for the realization of combined movements of rotation and translation, for example in robots and assembly machines.

An electric linear actuator using direct current requires a power supply at the correct voltage (typically 12 or 24 V DC) and a control to reverse the direction of movement. In TiMOTION systems, this is achieved with a control unit that powers and manages one or more actuators, and with a pushbutton or another control connected to the control unit. Lastly, the appropriate cables are needed. On shop.atti.it you can find all these components in the same category.

The ball screw actuator is the most common solution: it offers good precision, high thrusts, and a low cost, making it suitable for most positioning applications. The linear motor actuator has no mechanical transmission components: it achieves higher speeds and accelerations, with high repeatability and without screw wear, but it comes at a higher cost. It is chosen when very rapid cycles or long strokes at high speeds are required.

To choose a cable carrier, you need: internal dimensions (width and height) sufficient to accommodate cables and tubes with the right free space, the minimum bend radius required by the cables, the travel length and the type of movement (horizontal, vertical, or rotating), the material, lightweight nylon or steel for heavy-duty environments and chips, and any need for silent versions or clean room models. With this information, ATTI can indicate the most suitable series.

No. The guides and profiles in Polizene® are supplied without metal support, which must be ordered separately if necessary. Upon request, customized Polizene components can also be produced according to the customer's design. For a quote, you can use the Quick Quote form on shop.atti.it.

Remote I/O are input and output modules installed away from the PLC, close to sensors and actuators, and connected to the controller via a communication network such as Modbus TCP or EtherNet/IP. They are needed when the machine is large or distributed: they reduce wiring, simplify the electrical panel, and allow for adding inputs and outputs without changing the PLC. On shop.atti.it remote I/O modules from Weintek are available, for example.

The idler roller spins freely and is used in gravity or manually powered conveyors. The motorized roller has a pulley, a sprocket, or a belt groove and is driven by an external motor via chain or belt, allowing multiple rollers to be driven together. The drive roller has the motor and gearbox integrated within the tube: each roller is motorized independently, without external drives, enabling the creation of zone conveyors.

The Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) adjusts the speed of an asynchronous motor by varying frequency and voltage: it is the most economical solution for pumps, fans, conveyors, and machines where speed variation is required. The servo drive controls a brushless servomotor with feedback from an encoder and precisely manages position, speed, and torque: it is used for positioning axes, automatic machines, and high-dynamics repetitive movements. In summary, the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) controls speed, while the servo drive controls position.

The module (m) is the size that defines the dimensions of the teeth of a spur gear and is expressed in millimeters. It is obtained by dividing the pitch diameter by the number of teeth: m = Dp / z. For example, a pinion with 20 teeth and a pitch diameter of 40 mm has a module of 2. Two gears can work together only if they have the same module; the same applies to pinion and rack. On shop.atti.it, pinions, crowns, and racks can be filtered by module.

To choose a V-Belt Pulley, four pieces of information are needed: the belt section (for example SPZ, SPA, SPB or the classic Z, A, B), the number of grooves, which indicates how many belts operate in parallel, the pitch diameter, which along with the diameter of the driven pulley determines the transmission ratio, and the type of mounting on the shaft: with a taper bushing, which is easier to install and remove, or with a pilot hole to be machined to the diameter of the shaft. On shop.atti.it, you can filter pulleys by section, number of grooves, and diameter.

Roller chains are divided into two main standards. The European series, according to ISO 606 series B, is identified by codes such as 08B-1 or 12B-2, where the number indicates the pitch in sixteenths of an inch (08 = 1/2") and the suffix indicates the number of strands. The American series, according to ANSI B29.1 (ISO 606 series A, also referred to as ASA), uses codes like 40, 60, or 80, where the first digit indicates the pitch in eighths of an inch. For the same pitch, the two series have different sizes of rollers and plates, so they are not interchangeable with each other or with their respective sprockets.

The IEC size indicates the shaft height of the electric motor, expressed in millimeters, which is the distance between the center of the shaft and the base plane of the feet.

For example, a motor of IEC size 71 has a shaft height of 71 mm. Each size corresponds to standardized dimensions of the shaft and flanges: for instance, a size 71 generally requires a 14 mm shaft and a B5 flange of 160 mm.

Thanks to this standardization, IEC motors from different brands, with the same size and construction configuration, are generally interchangeable and can be mounted on the same gearboxes, except for special executions.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 600 items including friction locking assemblies in various series and shaft diameters, and taper bushes in the standard series from 1008 to 5050. The taper bushes are compatible with the pulleys and sprockets designed for bushings available in the catalog. Each locking assembly specifies the shaft and hub diameter, allowing you to choose the correct one.

The choice depends on how aligned the shafts to be connected are. The rigid joint is used when the shafts are perfectly coaxial and requires a backlash-free transmission. The flexible or elastic joint compensates for small angular, radial, and axial misalignments and dampens vibrations and shocks: it is the most common solution between motor and gearbox or between gearbox and machine. The universal joint connects shafts with strong angles or variable distances. In all cases, it must be verified that the nominal torque of the joint is greater than that to be transmitted.

The slow shaft is the output shaft of the gearbox, the one that rotates at reduced speed. In gearboxes with a hollow shaft output, it is possible to install a slow shaft kit, either simple (protruding from one side) or double (protruding from both sides), to convert the output into a male shaft. The kit must be chosen based on the series and size of the gearbox and the diameter of the hollow shaft; for some series, like the Varvel RNOV, the type of output flange (A or F) also matters.

To choose a gear motor, you need the required output speed (RPM), the necessary torque to move the load (Nm), the type of service, meaning hours of operation per day, starts, and shocks, which determines the service factor, the mounting position, and the output shape (solid shaft, hollow shaft, flange), as well as the motor power supply voltage. The selected gear motor must have an output torque greater than the required torque multiplied by the service factor.

The friction limiter transmits torque through friction discs pressed by springs: in case of overload, it slips and resumes transmission when the torque returns to normal. It is robust and suitable for high inertias, with torques ranging from a few Nm to over 23,000 Nm. The ball or roller limiter transmits torque through balls in a seat: upon overload, it disconnects accurately and without slipping, and is also suitable for humid or oil-contaminated environments. The pneumatic limiter regulates torque with compressed air instead of springs, allowing it to be changed during operation, from 7 to 30,000 Nm.

The encoder coupling connects the encoder shaft to the machine shaft, compensating for small misalignments without introducing torsional play. It is a lightweight precision coupling with low inertia that protects the encoder bearings from radial and axial loads and ensures accurate position readings. Precision elastic couplings from Eltra, with bore sizes from 6 to 12 mm, are available on shop.atti.it.

Self-supporting spheres (or load-bearing spheres) are units with a main sphere that rotates on smaller spheres, allowing the movement of loads in any direction with a simple push, as long as the surface of the objects is smooth and rigid. They are used on work surfaces, transfer systems, and conveyors. Rulmeca spheres on shop.atti.it are available in polyamide and galvanized steel, with various mounting methods and load capacities.

To choose a three-phase asynchronous motor, you need: the power required by the machine in kW, the speed, which depends on the number of poles (with a supply of 50 Hz approximately 2,800 rpm at 2 poles, 1,400 at 4 poles, 900 at 6 poles), the construction type (B3, B5, or B14) based on how it needs to be mounted, the supply voltage, and the required efficiency class. If the motor is to be connected to a gearbox, the IEC size and shape must match the motor attachment of the gearbox.

The difference is mainly in size and power. The mini gear motor is a compact gear motor for small powers, from a few watts to a few hundred watts, used in automatic machines, feeders, small conveyors, and equipment. The industrial gear motor covers higher powers, up to many kW, with standardized three-phase motors. On shop.atti.it, the mini gear motors are Minimotor and the gear motors are NORD Drivesystems.

Variable pulleys (or pulleys with variable diameters) allow for the modification of the pitch diameter upon which the V-Belt operates and, consequently, adjust the speed of the driven machine without having to replace the motor or the pulley.

They are used in V-Belt drives where it is necessary to adapt the operating speed to the application's requirements.

They find application in numerous industrial sectors, including bottling and packaging machines, conveyor belts, agricultural and textile machinery, pumps, food processing plants, construction machinery, agitators, mixers, and machine tools.

On shop.atti.it, you can consult the range of variable pulleys available in the Berges catalog.

The HMI panel is a dedicated operator terminal: it displays the machine status and allows commands to be given, with specific configuration software and immediate startup. The industrial PC (panel PC) is a complete computer, with an operating system like Windows or Linux, suitable when, in addition to visualization, management programs, databases, SCADA supervision, or data collection are needed. The HMI is simpler and more cost-effective; the industrial PC is more flexible. You can find both on shop.atti.it.

The module sprocket is a gear that meshes directly with another gear or with a rack, and is identified by the module and the number of teeth. The chain sprocket (also known as a roller sprocket) does not mesh with another gear but with a roller chain: the tooth profile is shaped to match the chain pitch (for example 1/2" x 5/16") and is identified by the pitch and the number of teeth. On shop.atti.it you can find the two families in separate categories: Module Sprockets and Chain Sprockets.

When a motor controlled by a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) decelerates rapidly or drags a load (for example, while descending or with high inertias), it acts as a generator and returns energy to the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). The braking resistance dissipates this energy as heat, preventing the internal voltage of the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) from rising too high and the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) from triggering an overvoltage alarm. It should be chosen based on the minimum resistance value and power indicated in the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) manual.

The reduction ratio of a gearbox is calculated by dividing the rotational speed of the motor by the desired output speed.

For example, with a 4-pole motor running at approximately 1,400 RPM, to achieve an output speed of 70 RPM, a reduction ratio of 20:1 is required.

In addition to the reduction ratio, it is important to verify the output torque, taking into account the service factor and the operating conditions of the application.

ATTI can assist you in selecting the most suitable gearbox. For a technical assessment, it is useful to provide the motor power, the desired output speed, and the load type.

Consult the Gearboxes category to learn about the available types.

The double-tooth sprockets, also known as double or duplex sprockets, are toothed wheels designed to work with double roller chains (duplex).

They feature two parallel rows of teeth, with geometry and spacing suitable for coupling with a double chain.

Compared to simplex sprockets, they are used in transmissions that require a higher load capacity.

To choose the correct sprocket, it is necessary to verify the chain pitch, the number of teeth, and the simplex or duplex configuration.

Consult the available products in the category Sprockets for chain.

The Gates Poly Chain Carbon are polyurethane toothed belts with carbon fiber tensile cords, designed to transmit very high torque.

They are used in industrial applications that require robust and efficient drives and can be an alternative to traditional roller chains.

Compared to chains, they offer several advantages:

• No lubrication is required.
• They have a very low elongation during operation.
• They allow the creation of drives suitable for high loads.

Caution: the Gates Poly Chain Carbon require pulleys with a dedicated profile and are not directly interchangeable with standard HTD toothed belts.

On shop.atti.it, ATTI offers over 250 codes from this range, including the Mini Poly Chain version.

The letter X in the designation of a V-Belt generally indicates a version notched on the inner side, with cut sides.

Compared to smooth V-Belts, notched versions are more flexible, can operate on smaller diameter pulleys, and result in lower heat generation during operation.

The main notched sections are:

• Classic: AX, BX, CX.
• Narrow: XPZ, XPA, XPB, XPC, also referred to as SPZX, SPAX, SPBX, and SPCX.

ATTI offers notched V-Belts in various sections and lengths in the catalog to meet the requirements of industrial applications.

You can consult the products in the category V-Belts.

Yes. ATTI offers open timing belts by the meter in polyurethane, primarily used for linear shafts, conveyor belts, and positioning systems.

The belts can be ordered by the meter, with a minimum quantity of 5 meters.

In these applications, the ends of the belt are generally secured using special locking plates, available for the main pitches of the timing belts.

To identify the most suitable product, it is important to check the profile, pitch, and width of the belt.

The length of a V-Belt can be expressed in three ways:

• Internal development (Li): it is the length measured along the inner side of the V-Belt.
• Primitive development (Lp or Ld): it is the length measured along the reference line of the V-Belt, located between the inner and outer sides.
• External development (La): it is the length measured along the outer back of the V-Belt.

The classic V-Belts are generally identified using the internal development, while the narrow V-Belts are identified using the primitive development.

When choosing a replacement V-Belt, it is important to check which type of development the measurement refers to, as the three values are not interchangeable.

On the product sheets of shop.atti.it, the type of length indicated is specified.

Consult the category V-Belts.

If the code of a V-Belt is illegible, you can identify it by measuring the section and the length.

First, measure the back width and the height of the belt to recognize its section. For example, a belt that is 13 mm wide and 8 mm high corresponds to section A.

Next, measure the external circumference using a flexible measuring tape or a string along the back of the belt.

To derive the reference length, you must apply the conversion value specified for the defined section. For example:

• Section Z: subtract 38 mm from the external circumference to obtain the internal circumference.
• Section SPB: subtract 22 mm from the external circumference to obtain the raw circumference.

You can consult the tables of sections and lengths on the V-Belts page.

Generally yes. The pulleys for narrow V-Belts of sections SPZ, SPA, SPB, and SPC can also accommodate the classic belts of the corresponding sections Z, A, B, and C.

Reverse mounting, that is, fitting a narrow belt onto a pulley designed for a classic section, is not recommended, as the groove geometry is different.

Before replacing a belt with one of a different section, it is still important to check the transmission characteristics, particularly the power to be transmitted and the operating conditions.

To identify the most suitable solution, you can contact ATTI technical support.

Yes. When a drive uses multiple V-Belts in parallel, it is advisable to replace them all at the same time.

The belts must have the same actual length to properly distribute the load. Fitting a new belt alongside others that are already worn and stretched can lead to uneven stress distribution, resulting in premature wear.

For multiple drives, belt sets with reduced length tolerances are available, specially selected to work together.

You can consult the range in the category V-Belts.

On shop.atti.it, the e-commerce site of ATTI Srl, you can find V-Belts Gates from the Hi-Power and Delta Classic lines, as well as belts branded ATTI.

The catalog includes V-Belts of various types:

• Classic sections: Z, A, B, C, D, E.
• Narrow sections: SPZ, SPA, SPB, SPC.
• Notched sections: AX, BX, XPZ, XPA, XPB, XPC.

On shop.atti.it, there are over 3,300 items in the V-Belts category, available for online purchase with shipping throughout Italy.

You can consult the available range in the V-Belts category.